Dr. Victor Miguel Ponce |
OXIDATION POND DESIGN WITH WILHELM-WERNER CHEMICAL REACTION EQUATION |
The tables below show the BOD removal efficiency (percentage) of
an oxidation pond, as a function of temperature T ( oC),
dispersion number D (dimensionless),
and hydraulic residence time t (days).
Temperature varies between 11 and 20 oC; hydraulic residence time varies between 0.5 and 500 days; dispersion number between 0.01 (plug flow) and 10 (mixed flow). For example, for T= 15 oC, t= 20 days, and D= 0.1, the BOD removal efficiency is 81.57%. Note that BOD removal efficiency is very sensitive to hydraulic residence time t, somewhat sensitive to temperature T, and less sensitive to dispersion number D. The actual value of D is a function of temperature (kinematic viscosity), hydraulic residence time, and geometric characteristics of the pond (length and width). Reference: Reed, S. C., R. W. Crites, and E. J. Middlebrooks. 1995. Natural Systems for Waste Management and Treatment, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York. |
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Temperature T= 11 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 3.39 | 3.39 | 3.39 | 3.38 | 3.38 | 3.36 | 3.35 | 3.35 | 3.34 | 3.34 |
1. | 6.67 | 6.66 | 6.65 | 6.63 | 6.60 | 6.55 | 6.52 | 6.49 | 6.47 | 6.47 |
2. | 12.88 | 12.87 | 12.82 | 12.76 | 12.65 | 12.46 | 12.33 | 12.25 | 12.18 | 12.16 |
5. | 29.12 | 29.04 | 28.81 | 28.48 | 27.96 | 27.11 | 26.54 | 26.16 | 25.88 | 25.78 |
10. | 49.64 | 49.42 | 48.80 | 47.91 | 46.58 | 44.44 | 43.04 | 42.08 | 41.38 | 41.12 |
20. | 74.41 | 73.97 | 72.77 | 71.12 | 68.70 | 64.85 | 62.26 | 60.43 | 59.06 | 58.55 |
50. | 96.47 | 96.11 | 95.12 | 93.69 | 91.43 | 87.34 | 84.12 | 81.52 | 79.36 | 78.50 |
100. | 99.85 | 99.79 | 99.58 | 99.18 | 98.34 | 96.21 | 93.96 | 91.71 | 89.50 | 88.52 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.97 | 99.86 | 99.32 | 98.39 | 97.09 | 95.40 | 94.49 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.98 | 99.87 | 99.57 | 98.87 | 98.29 |
Temperature= 12 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 3.69 | 3.69 | 3.69 | 3.68 | 3.67 | 3.66 | 3.64 | 3.64 | 3.63 | 3.63 |
1. | 7.25 | 7.24 | 7.23 | 7.20 | 7.17 | 7.11 | 7.07 | 7.04 | 7.02 | 7.01 |
2. | 13.96 | 13.94 | 13.89 | 13.81 | 13.68 | 13.46 | 13.31 | 13.21 | 13.14 | 13.11 |
5. | 31.27 | 31.18 | 30.92 | 30.54 | 29.95 | 28.98 | 28.34 | 27.90 | 27.58 | 27.47 |
10. | 52.63 | 52.38 | 51.70 | 50.72 | 49.25 | 46.90 | 45.36 | 44.30 | 43.53 | 43.25 |
20. | 77.32 | 76.86 | 75.61 | 73.89 | 71.37 | 67.34 | 64.62 | 62.68 | 61.22 | 60.67 |
50. | 97.36 | 97.04 | 96.16 | 94.85 | 92.76 | 88.85 | 85.69 | 83.08 | 80.88 | 79.99 |
100. | 99.91 | 99.87 | 99.72 | 99.41 | 98.71 | 96.84 | 94.76 | 92.61 | 90.44 | 89.46 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.98 | 99.90 | 99.47 | 98.67 | 97.50 | 95.90 | 95.01 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.98 | 99.90 | 99.66 | 99.03 | 98.49 |
Temperature= 13 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 4.02 | 4.02 | 4.01 | 4.01 | 3.99 | 3.97 | 3.96 | 3.95 | 3.95 | 3.94 |
1. | 7.87 | 7.87 | 7.85 | 7.82 | 7.78 | 7.71 | 7.66 | 7.63 | 7.60 | 7.59 |
2. | 15.11 | 15.09 | 15.03 | 14.94 | 14.79 | 14.53 | 14.36 | 14.24 | 14.16 | 14.13 |
5. | 33.54 | 33.44 | 33.14 | 32.71 | 32.04 | 30.94 | 30.21 | 29.72 | 29.36 | 29.23 |
10. | 55.69 | 55.41 | 54.65 | 53.58 | 51.97 | 49.41 | 47.72 | 46.56 | 45.71 | 45.40 |
20. | 80.12 | 79.64 | 78.34 | 76.57 | 73.96 | 69.78 | 66.94 | 64.89 | 63.34 | 62.76 |
50. | 98.07 | 97.80 | 97.03 | 95.86 | 93.94 | 90.24 | 87.16 | 84.55 | 82.33 | 81.42 |
100. | 99.95 | 99.92 | 99.82 | 99.58 | 99.02 | 97.39 | 95.49 | 93.45 | 91.32 | 90.33 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.93 | 99.59 | 98.92 | 97.86 | 96.36 | 95.49 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.93 | 99.73 | 99.18 | 98.68 |
Temperature= 14 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 4.37 | 4.37 | 4.36 | 4.36 | 4.34 | 4.32 | 4.30 | 4.29 | 4.29 | 4.28 |
1. | 8.55 | 8.54 | 8.52 | 8.49 | 8.44 | 8.36 | 8.30 | 8.26 | 8.23 | 8.22 |
2. | 16.35 | 16.33 | 16.25 | 16.15 | 15.97 | 15.68 | 15.48 | 15.34 | 15.25 | 15.21 |
5. | 35.93 | 35.81 | 35.47 | 34.98 | 34.22 | 32.98 | 32.17 | 31.61 | 31.20 | 31.06 |
10. | 58.80 | 58.49 | 57.65 | 56.48 | 54.73 | 51.94 | 50.11 | 48.84 | 47.92 | 47.57 |
20. | 82.76 | 82.27 | 80.95 | 79.13 | 76.47 | 72.17 | 69.21 | 67.06 | 65.42 | 64.80 |
50. | 98.63 | 98.40 | 97.74 | 96.71 | 94.97 | 91.51 | 88.53 | 85.95 | 83.70 | 82.77 |
100. | 99.97 | 99.96 | 99.88 | 99.71 | 99.26 | 97.86 | 96.13 | 94.21 | 92.14 | 91.15 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.96 | 99.69 | 99.12 | 98.18 | 96.77 | 95.93 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.95 | 99.79 | 99.30 | 98.84 |
Temperature= 15 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 4.76 | 4.75 | 4.75 | 4.74 | 4.72 | 4.69 | 4.68 | 4.66 | 4.65 | 4.65 |
1. | 9.28 | 9.27 | 9.25 | 9.21 | 9.15 | 9.05 | 8.99 | 8.94 | 8.91 | 8.90 |
2. | 17.68 | 17.65 | 17.57 | 17.44 | 17.24 | 16.90 | 16.67 | 16.51 | 16.40 | 16.36 |
5. | 38.44 | 38.30 | 37.91 | 37.36 | 36.50 | 35.11 | 34.19 | 33.56 | 33.11 | 32.95 |
10. | 61.93 | 61.59 | 60.68 | 59.41 | 57.51 | 54.50 | 52.52 | 51.14 | 50.13 | 49.76 |
20. | 85.24 | 84.75 | 83.41 | 81.57 | 78.87 | 74.48 | 71.42 | 69.17 | 67.46 | 66.80 |
50. | 99.05 | 98.87 | 98.31 | 97.43 | 95.87 | 92.66 | 89.80 | 87.26 | 85.00 | 84.05 |
100. | 99.99 | 99.98 | 99.93 | 99.80 | 99.45 | 98.26 | 96.71 | 94.90 | 92.89 | 91.92 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.97 | 99.77 | 99.30 | 98.46 | 97.15 | 96.34 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.96 | 99.83 | 99.41 | 98.99 |
Temperature= 16 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 5.17 | 5.17 | 5.16 | 5.15 | 5.13 | 5.10 | 5.08 | 5.06 | 5.05 | 5.05 |
1. | 10.07 | 10.06 | 10.03 | 9.99 | 9.92 | 9.81 | 9.73 | 9.67 | 9.63 | 9.62 |
2. | 19.11 | 19.08 | 18.98 | 18.83 | 18.59 | 18.20 | 17.94 | 17.76 | 17.63 | 17.58 |
5. | 41.05 | 40.90 | 40.46 | 39.83 | 38.87 | 37.31 | 36.29 | 35.59 | 35.08 | 34.89 |
10. | 65.07 | 64.70 | 63.72 | 62.34 | 60.31 | 57.07 | 54.94 | 53.45 | 52.35 | 51.95 |
20. | 87.54 | 87.04 | 85.71 | 83.87 | 81.16 | 76.71 | 73.57 | 71.23 | 69.43 | 68.75 |
50. | 99.37 | 99.22 | 98.77 | 98.01 | 96.65 | 93.70 | 90.97 | 88.48 | 86.22 | 85.26 |
100. | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.96 | 99.87 | 99.59 | 98.60 | 97.21 | 95.53 | 93.59 | 92.63 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.98 | 99.83 | 99.44 | 98.71 | 97.49 | 96.71 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.97 | 99.87 | 99.51 | 99.12 |
Temperature= 17 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 5.62 | 5.62 | 5.61 | 5.60 | 5.58 | 5.54 | 5.51 | 5.50 | 5.48 | 5.48 |
1. | 10.93 | 10.91 | 10.88 | 10.83 | 10.75 | 10.61 | 10.52 | 10.46 | 10.41 | 10.40 |
2. | 20.64 | 20.60 | 20.48 | 20.31 | 20.04 | 19.58 | 19.28 | 19.07 | 18.92 | 18.87 |
5. | 43.78 | 43.60 | 43.11 | 42.40 | 41.33 | 39.59 | 38.45 | 37.67 | 37.10 | 36.89 |
10. | 68.19 | 67.80 | 66.74 | 65.26 | 63.09 | 59.64 | 57.36 | 55.76 | 54.57 | 54.13 |
20. | 89.62 | 89.14 | 87.82 | 86.01 | 83.32 | 78.84 | 75.64 | 73.23 | 71.35 | 70.63 |
50. | 99.59 | 99.48 | 99.12 | 98.49 | 97.31 | 94.63 | 92.04 | 89.62 | 87.37 | 86.40 |
100. | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.98 | 99.91 | 99.71 | 98.88 | 97.66 | 96.10 | 94.24 | 93.29 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.88 | 99.56 | 98.92 | 97.80 | 97.05 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.98 | 99.90 | 99.59 | 99.24 |
Temperature= 18 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 6.11 | 6.11 | 6.10 | 6.08 | 6.06 | 6.01 | 5.98 | 5.96 | 5.95 | 5.94 |
1. | 11.85 | 11.83 | 11.79 | 11.74 | 11.64 | 11.48 | 11.38 | 11.30 | 11.25 | 11.23 |
2. | 22.27 | 22.22 | 22.08 | 21.89 | 21.57 | 21.05 | 20.70 | 20.46 | 20.29 | 20.23 |
5. | 46.60 | 46.40 | 45.85 | 45.06 | 43.86 | 41.93 | 40.67 | 39.80 | 39.17 | 38.94 |
10. | 71.27 | 70.85 | 69.72 | 68.16 | 65.86 | 62.20 | 59.77 | 58.05 | 56.78 | 56.31 |
20. | 91.50 | 91.03 | 89.75 | 87.99 | 85.34 | 80.88 | 77.63 | 75.16 | 73.21 | 72.45 |
50. | 99.74 | 99.66 | 99.38 | 98.87 | 97.86 | 95.45 | 93.03 | 90.69 | 88.45 | 87.47 |
100. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.94 | 99.79 | 99.12 | 98.04 | 96.61 | 94.83 | 93.90 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.91 | 99.65 | 99.11 | 98.08 | 97.37 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.92 | 99.66 | 99.34 |
Temperature= 19 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 6.64 | 6.64 | 6.63 | 6.61 | 6.58 | 6.53 | 6.49 | 6.47 | 6.45 | 6.44 |
1. | 12.84 | 12.82 | 12.78 | 12.71 | 12.60 | 12.42 | 12.29 | 12.21 | 12.14 | 12.12 |
2. | 24.00 | 23.95 | 23.79 | 23.56 | 23.20 | 22.60 | 22.20 | 21.93 | 21.73 | 21.66 |
5. | 49.51 | 49.29 | 48.67 | 47.80 | 46.47 | 44.34 | 42.94 | 41.98 | 41.29 | 41.03 |
10. | 74.28 | 73.84 | 72.65 | 71.00 | 68.58 | 64.74 | 62.16 | 60.33 | 58.97 | 58.46 |
20. | 93.15 | 92.70 | 91.49 | 89.79 | 87.21 | 82.81 | 79.54 | 77.01 | 75.00 | 74.21 |
50. | 99.84 | 99.78 | 99.58 | 99.17 | 98.32 | 96.18 | 93.92 | 91.67 | 89.46 | 88.48 |
100. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.97 | 99.85 | 99.31 | 98.38 | 97.07 | 95.38 | 94.46 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.94 | 99.73 | 99.26 | 98.33 | 97.65 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.94 | 99.72 | 99.44 |
Temperature= 20 oC | ||||||||||
t \ D | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
0.5 | 7.22 | 7.22 | 7.20 | 7.18 | 7.14 | 7.08 | 7.04 | 7.01 | 6.99 | 6.98 |
1. | 13.91 | 13.89 | 13.84 | 13.76 | 13.63 | 13.41 | 13.27 | 13.17 | 13.10 | 13.07 |
2. | 25.85 | 25.79 | 25.61 | 25.35 | 24.93 | 24.24 | 23.78 | 23.47 | 23.25 | 23.16 |
5. | 52.50 | 52.25 | 51.57 | 50.60 | 49.14 | 46.79 | 45.26 | 44.21 | 43.44 | 43.16 |
10. | 77.20 | 76.74 | 75.49 | 73.77 | 71.25 | 67.23 | 64.52 | 62.58 | 61.13 | 60.58 |
20. | 94.58 | 94.17 | 93.03 | 91.41 | 88.94 | 84.63 | 81.36 | 78.79 | 76.71 | 75.89 |
50. | 99.91 | 99.87 | 99.72 | 99.40 | 98.70 | 96.81 | 94.73 | 92.58 | 90.40 | 89.42 |
100. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.98 | 99.90 | 99.46 | 98.66 | 97.48 | 95.88 | 94.98 |
200. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.96 | 99.79 | 99.40 | 98.56 | 97.92 |
500. | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 99.96 | 99.77 | 99.52 |
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