Name: ______________________ S.S. No. ________________ Grade: _________

1. Define ``Environmental Hydrology.'' How does it differ from classical hydrology? What natural resources are considered in Environmental Hydrology?

2. Explain the physical basis for the boomerang-shaped flood-peak-stage/date-of-occurrence relation at the Ladario gage in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso.

3. Describe how navigation improvements in the Pantanal can affect flood magnitude and baseflow. What is the most important geomorphic parameter affecting runoff and streamflow in the Pantanal?

4. What is autodredging? When does it occur? When does it not occur? What is the physical process responsible for autodredging?

5. What is "hungry water?" When does it occur?

6. What is the process responsible for the oxygen in the atmosphere? What is the process responsible for the nitrogen in the atmosphere? What is the origin of the juvenile carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? What is the current carbon dioxide concentration (in ppm) in the atmosphere?

7. Why is it a fallacy to state that tropical rainforests such as the Amazon will help in sequestering excess carbon (greenhouse gases) from fossil-fuel burning? Explain.

8. What process is primarily responsible for the release of phosphorous from lake sediments? Why is phosphorous important in the biosphere? How long are global phosphate resources likely to last? Which sulphur compound is odiferous, and which is not?

9. What processes take part in the nitrogen cycle? How does nitrogen enter the biospheric nitrogen cycle? How does nitrogen escape the biospheric nitrogen cycle?

10. Why is it necessary to have alternate periods of aerobiosis and anaerobiosis in a wetland to close the nitrogen cycle? How did the early inhabitants of the Llanos de Mojos manage to interrupt this natural process?

11. What is DO? What is a typical value of DO in clean waters? What is BOD? What does it represent? What are typical BOD values in domestic wastewaters? Why is BOD₅ taken as a standard of measure?

12. What is redox potential? What does it describe? What redox potential (mV) describes aerobic conditions? What redox potential (mV) describes anoxic conditions? What redox potential (mV) describes anaerobic conditions? Describe the time sequence of oxidation-reduction in newly flooded wetland soils. What is methanogenesis?