Instructions: Open book, closed notes. Answer each question in a clear and concise paragraph. Give details as appropriate. Use engineering paper. Answer only 10 questions.

1. How are the increase in flood magnitude and the drying of springs related?

2. Why is baseflow recession better than pump tests to assess regional aquifer characteristics?

3. Why did Woolhiser and Liggett switched their research emphasis from dynamic to kinematic wave modeling in the mid 1960s?

4. What is the basis of the method of cascade of linear reservoirs? How does it account for hydrograph translation?

5. What is the basis of the Clark method of unit hydrograph generation? Is the modified Clark method included in HEC-HMS lumped or distributed?

6. Why is it generally better to do a watershed model for flood analysis than to use statistical analysis, particularly for short record lengths?

7. What is the apparent reason for the asymptotic behavior of the sediment rating curve, toward constant sediment concentration at high water discharges? What is the theoretical value of the sediment-transport function [g_s = f(v)] that would result in constant sediment concentration?

8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sediment retention basins? What is Lane's relation? What is the modified Lane relation?

9. What is the difference between sediment production, sediment yield, sediment transport, and sediment routing?

10. Why is the Modified Einstein method the most complete method of calculating sediment transport?

11. What is the apparent cause of global warming? How does it affect hydrologic practice?